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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruberythrinsäure</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Chemikalie" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Chemikalie">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Strukturformel
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis skin-invert-image" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
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<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Allgemeines
</th></tr>
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<td style="width:33%;">Name
</td>
<td>Ruberythrinsäure
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Andere Namen
</td>
<td>
<ul><li>1-Hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-2-anthracenyl-6-<i>O</i>-β-<small>D</small>-xylopyranosyl-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosid (<a href="IUPAC-Nomenklatur" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC-Nomenklatur">IUPAC</a>)</li>
<li>Alizarin-2-β-primverosid</li>
<li>Rubiansäure</li>
<li>Rubierythrinsäure</li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Summenformel" title="Summenformel">Summenformel</a>
</td>
<td>C<sub>25</sub>H<sub>26</sub>O<sub>13</sub>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Kurzbeschreibung
</td>
<td>
<p>gelbe Kristallnadeln<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Externe Identifikatoren/Datenbanken
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" data-expandtext="+" data-collapsetext="−" style="border-top:none; margin:-1px; width:calc(100% + 2px);">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:33%;"><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=152-84-1">152-84-1</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; border-top:1px solid #FFDEAD; padding:0.2em 0; vertical-align:bottom; width:5%;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2">205-808-9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.005.282">100.005.282</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/92101">92101</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.83150.html">83150</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733425" class="extiw external" title="d:Q733425">Q733425</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Molare Masse</a>
</td>
<td>534,50 g·<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>fest<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>260 °C<sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="L%C3%B6slichkeit" title="Löslichkeit">Löslichkeit</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>löslich in <a href="Wasser" title="Wasser">Wasser</a>, <a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> und <a href="DMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="DMSO">DMSO</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="07 – Achtung"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Achtung</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.">319</span></span></a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Nach Gebrauch … gründlich waschen.
(Die vom Gesetzgeber offen gelassene Einfügung ist vom Inverkehrbringer zu ergänzen)">264</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz/Gesichtsschutz/Gehörschutz/… tragen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">280</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Kontakt mit den Augen: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">305+351+338</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei anhaltender Augenreizung: Ärztlichen Rat einholen / ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.">337+313</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; font-size:80%; text-align:center; line-height:150%; padding:.25em;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a> (0 °C, 1000 hPa).
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Ruberythrinsäure</b> ist ein natürlich vorkommendes <a href="Glycoside" title="Glycoside">Glycosid</a> der <a href="Primverose" title="Primverose">β-Primverose</a> mit dem <a href="Aglycon" title="Aglycon">Aglycon</a> <a href="Alizarin" title="Alizarin">Alizarin</a>. Es ist eng verwandt mit der <a href="Morindin" title="Morindin">Morindin</a> und zeitweise wurde angenommen, dass beide Verbindungen identisch sind.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen">Vorkommen</h2></div>
<p>Ruberythrinsäure kommt in den Wurzeln des <a href="F%C3%A4rberkrapp" title="Färberkrapp">Färberkrapps</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, sowie in <i>Rubia cordifolia</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vor.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>Eine <a href="Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur">Kristallstruktur</a> wurde der Verbindung bestimmt. Daraus ist ersichtlich, dass die wichtigsten intermolekularen Interaktionen <a href="Wasserstoffbr%C3%BCckenbindung" title="Wasserstoffbrückenbindung">Wasserstoffbrücken</a> zwischen den Zuckerresten sind. <a href="%CE%A0-%CF%80-Wechselwirkung" title="Π-π-Wechselwirkung">π-π-Wechselwirkungen</a> zwischen den Anthrachinoneinheiten spielen aber auch eine Rolle.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Ruberythrinsäure wird leicht <a href="Hydrolyse" title="Hydrolyse">hydrolysiert</a>, durch <a href="S%C3%A4uren" title="Säuren">Säuren</a>, <a href="Basen_(Chemie)" title="Basen (Chemie)">Basen</a>, <a href="Glycosidasen" title="Glycosidasen">Glucosidasen</a>, aber auch reines Wasser.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Ruberythrinsäure ist mit verantwortlich für die Färbewirkung des Färberkrapps, der seit mehreren tausend Jahren als roter <a href="Farbstoffe" title="Farbstoffe">Farbstoff</a> verwendet wird. Zum Färben wird ein <a href="Beizenf%C3%A4rbung" class="mw-redirect" title="Beizenfärbung">Beizmittel</a> benötigt, dafür eignen sich Aluminiumverbindungen, aber auch <a href="Eisen(II)-sulfat" title="Eisen(II)-sulfat">Eisen(II)-sulfat</a> oder <a href="Zinn(II)-chlorid" title="Zinn(II)-chlorid">Zinn(II)-chlorid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-6">g</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Lauren Ford, Christopher M. Rayner, Richard S. Blackburn: <cite style="font-style:italic">Isolation and extraction of ruberythric acid from Rubia tinctorum L. and crystal structure elucidation</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Phytochemistry" title="Phytochemistry">Phytochemistry</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>117</span>, September 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>168–173</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.015">10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.015</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ruberythrins%C3%A4ure&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+extraction+of+ruberythric+acid+from+Rubia+tinctorum+L.+and+crystal+structure+elucidation&rft.au=Lauren+Ford%2C+Christopher+M.+Rayner%2C+Richard+S.+Blackburn&rft.btitle=Phytochemistry&rft.date=2015-09&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.phytochem.2015.06.015&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=168-173&rft.volume=117" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sigma-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_2-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Datenblatt <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/SUPELCO/phl83904">Ruberythrinsäure</a></span> bei <a href="Sigma-Aldrich" title="Sigma-Aldrich">Sigma-Aldrich</a>, abgerufen am 28. Juli 2023 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/DE/de/sds/SUPELCO/phl83904?userType=anonymous">PDF</a>).<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span><span style="display:none;">Vorlage:Sigma-Aldrich/Name nicht angegeben</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="T._E._Thorpe" class="mw-redirect" title="T. E. Thorpe">T. E. Thorpe</a>, T. H. Greenall: <cite style="font-style:italic">VI.—On morindin and morindon</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="J._Chem._Soc.%2C_Trans." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Chem. Soc., Trans.">J. Chem. Soc., Trans.</a></cite> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>51</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>0</span>, 1887, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>52–58</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/CT8875100052">10.1039/CT8875100052</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ruberythrins%C3%A4ure&rft.atitle=VI.%E2%80%94On+morindin+and+morindon&rft.au=T.+E.+Thorpe%2C+T.+H.+Greenall&rft.date=1887&rft.doi=10.1039%2FCT8875100052&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=0&rft.jtitle=J.+Chem.+Soc.%2C+Trans.&rft.pages=52-58&rft.volume=51" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Stein: <cite style="font-style:italic">Ueber Morindin und Morindon; ein Beitrag zur näheren Kenntniss derselben</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Journal_f%C3%BCr_Praktische_Chemie" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal für Praktische Chemie">Journal für Praktische Chemie</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>97</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 1866, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>234–242</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.18660970131">10.1002/prac.18660970131</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ruberythrins%C3%A4ure&rft.atitle=Ueber+Morindin+und+Morindon%3B+ein+Beitrag+zur+n%C3%A4heren+Kenntniss+derselben&rft.au=W.+Stein&rft.date=1866&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fprac.18660970131&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+f%C3%BCr+Praktische+Chemie&rft.pages=234-242&rft.volume=97" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cai, Mei Sun, Jie Xing, Harold Corke: <cite style="font-style:italic">Antioxidant Phenolic Constituents in Roots of Rheum officinale and Rubia cordifolia : Structure−Radical Scavenging Activity Relationships</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Journal_of_Agricultural_and_Food_Chemistry" title="Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>52</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>26</span>, 1. Dezember 2004, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7884–7890</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0489116">10.1021/jf0489116</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ruberythrins%C3%A4ure&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+Phenolic+Constituents+in+Roots+of+Rheum+officinale+and+Rubia+cordifolia+%3A+Structure%E2%88%92Radical+Scavenging+Activity+Relationships&rft.au=Cai%2C+Mei+Sun%2C+Jie+Xing%2C+...&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.doi=10.1021%2Fjf0489116&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=26&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.pages=7884-7890&rft.volume=52" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Derek Richter: <cite style="font-style:italic">379. Anthraquinone colouring matters : ruberythric acid</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Journal_of_the_Chemical_Society_(Resumed)" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed)">Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed)</a></cite>. 1936, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1701</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9360001701">10.1039/jr9360001701</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ruberythrins%C3%A4ure&rft.atitle=379.+Anthraquinone+colouring+matters+%3A+ruberythric+acid&rft.au=Derek+Richter&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Chemical+Society+%28Resumed%29&rft.date=1936&rft.doi=10.1039%2Fjr9360001701&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=1701" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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